2/21/2024 0 Comments Aqw 5 ancient glyphsWith writing systems, one must usually understand something of the associated spoken language to comprehend the text. Symbolic communication systems are distinguished from writing systems. Writing systems typically satisfy three criteria: firstly, writing must be complete with a purpose or some sort of meaning to it, and a point must be made or communicated in the text secondly, all writing systems must have a set of symbols which can be made on some sort of writing material, whether physical or digital thirdly, the symbols used in the writing system usually mimic spoken word/speech in order for communication to be possible. Pre-cuneiform tags, with drawing of goat or sheep and number (probably "10"), Al-Hasakah, 3300–3100 BCE, Uruk culture These uses were accompanied by the proliferation of genres, which typically initially contained markers or reminders of the social situations and uses, but the social meaning and implications of genres often became more implicit as the social functions of these genres became more recognizable in themselves, as in the examples of money, currency, financial instruments, and now digital currency. Writing then became the basis of knowledge institutions such as libraries, schools, universities and scientific and disciplinary research. These uses supported the spread of these social activities, their associated knowledge, and the extension of centralized power. The earliest uses of writing in Sumer were to document agricultural produce and create contracts, but soon writing became used for purposes of finances, religion, government, and law. It is distinguished from proto-writing, which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes, making it more difficult or even impossible to reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance. True writing, in which the content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct, with a fair degree of accuracy, the exact utterance written down, is a later development. In the history of how writing systems have evolved in human civilizations, more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing, systems of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols (symbols or letters that make remembering them easier). Writing systems are the foundation of literacy and literacy learning, with all the social and psychological consequences associated with literacy activities. The history of writing traces the development of expressing language by systems and techniques of markings and how these markings were used for various purposes in different societies, thereby transforming social organization.
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